據(jù)油價(jià)網(wǎng)2023年6月15日?qǐng)?bào)道，IEA在最近發(fā)布的一份報(bào)告中預(yù)測(cè)，阿曼有望成為世界上最大的氫氣供應(yīng)國(guó)之一。

這個(gè)海灣小國(guó)目前大約60%的出口收入來(lái)自石油和天然氣，但它為自己設(shè)定了雄心勃勃的凈零目標(biāo)，這將涉及利用其低碳能源潛力，IEA指出，這一點(diǎn)很重要。

天然氣幾乎占阿曼發(fā)電量的全部，但隨著它利用風(fēng)能和太陽(yáng)能發(fā)電能力，這種情況即將改變。IEA表示，同樣的產(chǎn)能將用于從淡化的海水中生產(chǎn)綠色氫氣，到2030年前，阿曼將成為全球第六大氫氣出口國(guó)。

阿曼計(jì)劃到2030年前生產(chǎn)100萬(wàn)噸綠色氫氣，五年后進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大到每年375萬(wàn)噸，到2050年達(dá)到每年850萬(wàn)噸。

目前，阿曼以氨氣形式出口的氫氣只占這個(gè)數(shù)量一小部分，許多人認(rèn)為氨氣是長(zhǎng)途運(yùn)輸中最好的氫氣形式。阿曼目前的氨氣年出口量約為20萬(wàn)噸。

IEA表示，阿曼要成為一個(gè)氫氣出口大國(guó)，需要把氨氣年產(chǎn)能增加20到30倍。

“對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)，最經(jīng)濟(jì)合理的行動(dòng)是著手將其作為未來(lái)最可行和可持續(xù)能源，包括脫碳發(fā)電、當(dāng)?shù)毓I(yè)和氫氣出口。”阿曼能源部長(zhǎng)在對(duì)IEA預(yù)測(cè)的評(píng)論中援引《國(guó)家報(bào)》的報(bào)道說(shuō)。

然而，阿曼要想成為一個(gè)綠色氫氣出口大國(guó)，就需要大力投資建設(shè)這種戰(zhàn)略所需的所有風(fēng)能和太陽(yáng)能產(chǎn)能。IEA估計(jì)，要在2030年生產(chǎn)氫氣，需要大約50太瓦時(shí)的電力。IEA指出，這比阿曼目前的總發(fā)電量還要多。

李峻 編譯自 油價(jià)網(wǎng)

原文如下：

The IEA Believes Oman Could Become A World Leader In Hydrogen

Oman could turn into one of the biggest hydrogen suppliers in the world, the International Energy Agency has forecast in a recent report.

The tiny Gulf sultanate currently generates some 60% of its export earnings from oil and gas but has set itself ambitious net-zero targets that would involve leveraging its low-carbon energy potential, which the IEA notes is significant.

Natural gas accounts for almost all of the country’s electricity generation, the agency also noted, but this is about to change as it utilizes its wind and solar capacity. The same capacity will be used to produce green hydrogen from desalinated sea water, the IEA said, turning Oman into the sixth-largest exporter of hydrogen globally by 2030.

Oman plans to be producing 1 million tons of so-called green hydrogen by 2030, further expanding that to 3.75 million tons annually five years later and to 8.5 million tons annually by 2050.

Currently, the country exports a fraction of that amount in the form of ammonia, which is considered by many to be the best form of hydrogen for long-distance transportation. Oman’s annual export rate right now is some 200,000 tons of ammonia.

The IEA says this needs to rise 20 to 30 times for Oman to become a big hydrogen exporter.

“The most economically rational action for us is to embark on using this as the most viable and sustainable energy of tomorrow, including decarbonising power generation, local industry and hydrogen production for export,” the Energy Minister of the sultanate said, as quoted by The National, in comments on the IEA forecast.

For Oman to turn into a big green hydrogen player, however, it would need to invest heavily in building all the wind and solar capacity such a strategy would require. The IEA estimated that it would need some 50 TWh of electricity to produce the hydrogen it wants to produce in 2030. This is more than Oman’s total electricity output at the moment, the agency pointed out.