據(jù)世界石油4月15日彭博社報(bào)道，美國正在建造一種不會(huì)向大氣中排放溫室氣體的新型發(fā)電廠，這可能為公用事業(yè)公司提供一種在不導(dǎo)致全球變暖的情況下繼續(xù)燃燒天然氣的方式。

　　Net Power公司計(jì)劃在美國建造兩座天然氣發(fā)電廠，將所有的排放都收集起來并深埋地下。這家初創(chuàng)公司將其技術(shù)授權(quán)給了將與農(nóng)業(yè)巨頭Archer-Daniels-Midlands Co.合作的開發(fā)商8 Rivers Capital公司，以取代伊利諾伊州一家燃煤電廠的部分排放。

　　對于另一家工廠，8 Rivers與科羅拉多州的Ute Indian Tribe南部部落成長基金合作。這兩個(gè)項(xiàng)目都將在今年設(shè)計(jì)和開發(fā)，8 Rivers稱這需要花費(fèi)數(shù)千萬美元。是否繼續(xù)建設(shè)這些廠的最終決定將于2022年做出。

　　Net Power公司的技術(shù)使用一種新型渦輪機(jī)在氧氣中燃燒天然氣，而不是在空氣中。因此，該工廠只產(chǎn)生二氧化碳和水副產(chǎn)品。水可以從混合物中凍結(jié)，純凈的CO?可以埋在枯竭的油氣井或類似的地質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)中。

　　所需的氧氣通過與需要能量的空氣分離而獲得。但Net Power公司表示，其渦輪機(jī)的效率更大，因此，總的來說，該系統(tǒng)的整體效率與將其排放物排放到大氣中的先進(jìn)天然氣發(fā)電廠相匹配。使用氧氣的另一個(gè)好處是，Net Power不會(huì)產(chǎn)生任何會(huì)造成當(dāng)?shù)乜諝馕廴镜牡欧拧?/p>

　　2018年，這家初創(chuàng)公司在德克薩斯州建立了一個(gè)運(yùn)行良好的試點(diǎn)工廠，可以產(chǎn)生約25兆瓦的電力。伊利諾伊州和科羅拉多州的工廠將成為Net Power的首批商業(yè)規(guī)模工廠。 每個(gè)工廠將能夠產(chǎn)生280兆瓦的電力。科羅拉多州的發(fā)電廠預(yù)計(jì)也將使用空氣冷卻，Net Power公司表示，這將把需水量減少到零。

　　8 Rivers首席執(zhí)行官Cam Hosie表示，大項(xiàng)目需要時(shí)間。對于快速采用這項(xiàng)技術(shù)來說，最重要的是第一個(gè)項(xiàng)目的成功。大約還有十幾家其他的凈電廠處于不同的開發(fā)階段，其中一些計(jì)劃在美國以外建造。

　　伊利諾伊州的發(fā)電廠會(huì)將其排放物注入到現(xiàn)有的CO2井中，該井目前掩埋了乙醇生產(chǎn)設(shè)施的排放物。科羅拉多州的工廠尚未決定將其排放物埋在何處，但8 Rivers表示，該發(fā)電廠的地點(diǎn)靠近一條CO2管道，該管道擴(kuò)大了可用于存儲(chǔ)碳的面積。

　　盡管發(fā)電廠不會(huì)產(chǎn)生任何污染，但環(huán)保主義者仍對天然氣的持續(xù)使用感到擔(dān)憂。化石燃料的生產(chǎn)和運(yùn)輸確實(shí)會(huì)導(dǎo)致排放，而依靠天然氣的公司將不得不減輕排放。

　　這兩家工廠都將獲得美國稅收抵免，相當(dāng)于每噸注入地下的二氧化碳約合50美元。與太陽能和風(fēng)能情況一樣，該稅收抵免旨在補(bǔ)貼早期的氣候技術(shù)，直到它們能夠與現(xiàn)有的以化石燃料為基礎(chǔ)的現(xiàn)有企業(yè)競爭。

　　每家電廠預(yù)計(jì)將耗資5億美元以上，8 Rivers及其合作伙伴將在投資決定截止日期前籌集這筆資金。

　　郝芬 譯自 世界石油

　　原文如下：

　　U.S. startup plans to build first zero-emission gas power plants

　　A new kind of power plant that doesn’t add greenhouse gases to the atmosphere is being built in the U.S., potentially providing a way for utilities to keep burning natural gas without contributing to global warming.

　　Net Power intends to build two natural-gas power plants in the U.S. that will have all its emissions captured and buried deep underground. The startup licensed its technology to developer 8 Rivers Capital LLC, which will work with agriculture giant Archer-Daniels-Midlands Co. to replace some emissions from a coal power plant in Illinois.

　　For the other plant, 8 Rivers is working with the Southern Ute Indian Tribe Growth Fund in Colorado. Both projects will be designed and developed this year, which 8 Rivers says requires spending tens of millions of dollars. A final decision on whether to go ahead with the facilities is due in 2022.

　　Net Power’s technology uses a new kind of turbine to burn natural gas in oxygen, rather than the air. As a result, the plant only produces carbon dioxide and water as a byproduct. The water can be frozen out of the mixture and the pure stream of CO? can be buried in depleted oil and gas wells or similar geological structures.

　　The required oxygen is secured by separating it from the air, which needs energy. But Net Power says its turbine is more efficient so that, on balance, the overall efficiency of the system matches that of an advanced natural-gas power plant that pumps its emissions into the atmosphere. Another upside of using oxygen is that Net Power plants do not produce any nitrogen emissions, which would cause local air pollution.

　　The startup built a functioning pilot plant in Texas in 2018 that can generate about 25 megawatts of power. The Illinois and Colorado plants will be Net Power’s first commercial-scale units. Each plant will be capable of generating 280 MW of electricity. The Colorado plant is also expected to use air cooling, which Net Power says will cut the amount of water required to zero.

　　“Big projects take time,” said Cam Hosie, chief executive officer of 8 Rivers. “The most important thing for the rapid adoption of this technology is going to be that the first projects are successful.” Hosie said that about a dozen other Net Power plants are in various phases of development, with some planned to be built outside the U.S.

　　The Illinois power plant will inject its emissions into an already existing CO? well, which currently buries emissions from an ethanol production facility. The Colorado plant hasn’t decided where to bury its emissions, but 8 Rivers says that the site of the power plant is close to a CO? pipeline which extends the area available for storing the carbon.

　　Though the power plant won't produce any pollution, environmentalists are concerned about the continued use of natural gas. The production and transportation of the fossil fuel does lead to emissions, which companies that rely on natural gas will have to mitigate.

　　Both plants will have access to a U.S. tax credit that amounts to about $50 for each ton of CO? injected into the ground. As in the case of solar and wind power, the credit seeks to subsidize early-stage climate technologies until they can compete with the existing fossil-fuel based incumbents.

　　Each of the power plants is expected to cost more than $500 million, which 8 Rivers and its partners will look to raise before the investment decision deadline.

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