據(jù)油價(jià)網(wǎng)6月30日消息稱，國(guó)際能源署(IEA)周三表示，作為低碳電力“被遺忘的巨人”，水電將需要重大政策支持，以幫助加速太陽(yáng)能和風(fēng)能發(fā)電的發(fā)展，使世界走上凈零目標(biāo)的軌道。

　　IEA 估計(jì)，水力發(fā)電目前占全球發(fā)電總量的六分之一，是低碳電力的最大單一來(lái)源，比其他所有可再生能源的總和還要多。

　　這個(gè)總部位于巴黎的機(jī)構(gòu)在其關(guān)于這種能源的第一份報(bào)告《水電特別市場(chǎng)報(bào)告》中說(shuō)，到 2020 年，水電是僅次于煤炭和天然氣的第三大發(fā)電來(lái)源。

　　根據(jù)國(guó)際能源署的數(shù)據(jù)，過(guò)去20年里，全球水力發(fā)電能力躍升了70%，但由于風(fēng)力、太陽(yáng)能、天然氣和燃煤發(fā)電能力的增加，其發(fā)電份額一直保持穩(wěn)定。

　　在印度、土耳其和埃塞俄比亞的推動(dòng)下，全球的水力發(fā)電能力預(yù)計(jì)將在這十年增長(zhǎng)17%。不過(guò)，IEA稱，本10年的預(yù)估增長(zhǎng)速度較前10年放緩近25%。

　　該機(jī)構(gòu)表示，各國(guó)政府需要制定強(qiáng)有力的政策措施，扭轉(zhuǎn)水電增長(zhǎng)放緩的趨勢(shì)。

　　國(guó)際能源署執(zhí)行主任Fatih Birol在一份聲明中稱:“水電是被遺忘的清潔電力巨頭，如果各國(guó)認(rèn)真考慮實(shí)現(xiàn)凈零排放目標(biāo)，就需要將水電直接列入能源和氣候議程。”

　　Birol補(bǔ)充說(shuō):“如果水電項(xiàng)目以可持續(xù)和氣候適應(yīng)的方式開發(fā)，在許多國(guó)家轉(zhuǎn)向越來(lái)越高的太陽(yáng)能和風(fēng)能份額過(guò)程中，水電的優(yōu)勢(shì)可以使其自然成為安全過(guò)渡的推動(dòng)器。”

　　然而，最近的一些大型水電項(xiàng)目，舉個(gè)例子:今年加州發(fā)生了一場(chǎng)比以往更為嚴(yán)重的干旱，耗盡了水庫(kù)和湖泊，其中包括一些最大的水電設(shè)施的水源，使加州再次面臨今夏熱浪襲來(lái)時(shí)停電的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

　　曹海斌 摘譯自 油價(jià)網(wǎng)

　　原文如下：

　　IEA: World Needs ‘Forgotten Giant’ Hydropower For Net-Zero Goals

　　Hydropower, the “forgotten giant” of low-carbon electricity, will need major policy support to help accelerate the expansion of solar and wind power and put the world on track for net-zero goals, the International Energy Agency (IEA) said on Wednesday.

　　Hydropower currently provides one-sixth of global electricity generation and is the single largest source of low-carbon power—and more than all other renewables combined, the IEA estimates.

　　In 2020, hydropower was the third?largest electricity generation source after coal and natural gas, the Paris-based agency said in its first report on this energy source, Hydropower Special Market Report.

　　Global hydropower capacity has jumped by 70 percent over the past 20 years, but its share of electricity generation has remained stable because of increased generation from wind, solar, natural gas, and coal-fired capacity, according to the IEA.

　　This decade, hydropower capacity worldwide is forecast to rise by 17 percent, driven by India, Turkey, and Ethiopia. However, the projected growth for this decade is nearly 25 percent slower than the expansion in the previous decade, the IEA said.

　　Governments need to enact strong policy actions to reverse the slowdown in hydropower growth, the agency said.

　　“Hydropower is the forgotten giant of clean electricity, and it needs to be put squarely back on the energy and climate agenda if countries are serious about meeting their net zero goals,” the IEA Executive Director Fatih Birol said in a statement.

　　“Hydropower’s advantages can make it a natural enabler of secure transitions in many countries as they shift to higher and higher shares of solar and wind – provided that hydropower projects are developed in a sustainable and climate-resilient way,” Birol added.

　　Yet, recent major hydropower projects, Case in point: a more severe than usual drought in California this year has depleted reservoirs and lakes, including the ones feeding some of the largest hydropower facilities, putting the state again at risk of power outages during heatwaves this summer.

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